Supply Chain Reference Ontology
Supply Chain Reference Ontology (SCRO) aims to represent the generic constructs (including classes and properties) related to the domain of supply chain and logistics. SCRO uses BFO as the top-level ontology and IOF Core as the mid-level ontology. The purpose of the ontology is to serve as a foundation for ensuring consistency and interoperability across various supply chain and logistics ontologies that use IOF reference ontolgies.
Boonserm Kulvatanyou, NIST
Chris Will, National Center for Ontological Research (NCOR)
Dusan Sormaz, Ohio University
Evan Wallace, NIST
Jim Logan, No Magic Inc.
Milos Drobnjakovic, NIST
IOF Supply Chain Working Group
Industrial Ontology Foundry (IOF) Supply Chain Reference Ontology
Copyright (c) 2022 Open Applications Group
airway
a control area or portion thereof established in the form of a corridor equipped with radio navigation aids [EUROCONTROL EATM Glossary of Terms] An airway is based on a centerline that extends from one navigation aid or intersection to another navigation aid (or through several navigation aids or intersections); used to establish a known route for en route procedures between terminal areas [Federal Aviation Administration - FAA] Airways are defined with segments within a specific altitude block, corridor width, and between fixed geographic coordinates for satellites navigation system, or between ground-based radio transmitter navigational aids (navaids; such as VORs or NDBs) or the intersection of specific radials of two navaids (Wikipedia)
three-dimensional spatial region that connects one specified location to another at a specified altitude, along which an aircraft may be flown
The required constructs for creation of a formal definition are not available in this release.
appraisal process
a food critic rating the quality of a restaurant's ambiance, service, and food;a mechanic assessing whether a damaged vehicle is repairable; an insurance agent appraising the financial value of a building
measurement process that involves evaluating, assessing, estimating, or judging the nature, value, importance, condition, or quality of some entity
arrival process
ArrivalProcess(x) →MaterialLocationChange(x) ∧ ​∃​y(TravelProcess(y) ∨ TransportProcess(y)) ∧ occurrentPartOf(x,y) ∧ ∃​z ∃​z' ∃​t(TemporalRegion(z) ∧ TemporalRegion(z') ∧ TempotalInstance(t)) ∧ occupiesTemporalRegion(​x,​z) ∧ occupiesTemporalRegion(​y,​z') ∧ lastInstanceOf(t,z') ∧ occupiesTemporalRegion(​x,​t)
material location change process that consists of the participating entity reaching its destination such that the travel or transport process which it is a part of is completed
if x is an 'arrival process' then x is a 'material location change process' that is 'occurent part of' some 'transport process' or 'travel process' y and that 'occupies temporal region' some 'temporal region' z which has 'last instant of' the temporal region of y as 'occurent part'
artifact function
the function of a oil pump to pump oil, the function of a knife to cut stuff
ArtifactFunction(x) ↔ Function(x) ∧ ∃m(MaterialArtifact(m)∧functionOf(x,m))
function that inheres in some material artifact in virtue of that artifact being designed to be used in processes that require that function to be realized
every instance of 'artifact function' is exactly an instance of 'function' that is the 'function of' some 'material artifact'
bill of lading
A carrier’s contract and receipt for goods the carrier agrees to transport from one place to another and to deliver to a designated person. In case of loss, damage, or delay, the bill of lading is the basis for filing freight claims [APICS]. A transportation document that is the contract of carriage containing the terms and conditions between the shipper and carrier [CSCMP].
BillOfLading (x) → CommercialServiceAgreement (x) ∧ ∃p (ConsigningProcess (p) ∧ prescribes(x,p))
agreement between a shipper and a carrier that prescribes some consigning process
if x is a 'bill of lading' then x is a 'commercial service agreement' that 'prescribes' some 'consigning process'
cargo
All articles, goods, materials, merchandise, or wares carried onboard an aircraft, ship, train, or truck, and for which an air waybill, or bill of lading, or other receipt is issued by the carrier
1- A product shipped in an aircraft, railroad car, ship, barge, or truck [APICS]. 2-subject of a shipment. The materials being carried [csmscp].
Cargo(x) ↔ MaterialEntity(x) ∧ ∃r (CargoRole (r) ∧ hasRole (x,r))
material entity that is transported using a transport equipment by a carrier
every instance of 'cargo' is defined as exactly an instance of 'material entity' that 'has role' some 'cargo role'
cargo role
CargoRole(x) → Role(x) ∧ ∃m,∃p,∃c(MaterialEntity(m) ∧ TransportProcess(p) ∧ Carrier(c) ∧ participatesInAtSomeTime(m,p) ∧ agentIn(c,p) ∧ roleOf (x,m))
role held by a material entity when it is being transported or is planned to be transported by a carrier
if x is a 'cargo role' then x is a 'role' that is a 'role of' some 'material entity' that 'participates in at some time' some 'transport process' that 'has agent' some 'carrier'
carrier
A company that provides air, sea, or land transportation services [APICS]. The party that provides freight transportation services or a physical or electronic mechanism that carries business information [GS1]. A firm which transports goods or people via land, sea or air [CSCMP].
See the expanded definition under the corresponding role class. The term is formalized here as a defined class by referring to its corresponding role class and exists primarily for ontological modeling and implementation convenience.
Carrier(x) ↔ (BusinessOrganization(x) ∨ Person(x)) ∧ ∃r (TransportationServiceProviderRole (r) ∧ hasRole (x,r))
person or business organization who provides transportation services
every instance of 'carrier' is defined as exactly an instance of 'person' or 'business organization' that 'has role' some 'transportation service provider role'
change
A process in which some independent continuant endures and 1) one or more of the dependent entities it bears increase or decrease in intensity, 2) the entity begins to bear some dependent entity or 3) the entity ceases to bear some dependent entity.
code identifier
code identifier is typically created in a way that allows metadata retrieval about the entitiy it identifies
CodeIdentifer(x) ↔Identifier (x) ∧ ∃y (IdentificationScheme (y) ∧ prescribedBy (x,y))
Identifier that consists of a string of characters as prescribed by some identification scheme
every instance of 'code identifier' is defined as exactly an instance of 'identifier' that is 'prescribed by' some 'identification scheme'
consignee
The organisation (party) which has the intention to receive the goods [GS1]. The party by whom the goods, cargo or containers are meant to be received. The actual physical receipt can take place by another party [GS1]. The party to whom goods are shipped and delivered [CSCMP].
The ultimate owner of the product is the consignee, so it is important to keep in mind that shipments destined for a 3rd party logistics company would not list the 3PL as the consignee.
Consignee (x) ↔ (BusinessOrganization(x) ∨ Person(x)) ∧ ∃r (ConsigneeRole (r) ∧ hasRole (x,r))
person or business organization that receives some shipment
every instance of 'consignee' is defined as exactly an instance of a 'person' or 'business organization' that 'has role' some 'consignee role'
consignee role
ConsigneeRole(x) → Role(x) ∧ ∃y,∃p ((BusinessOrganization(y) ∨ Person(y) ∧ ReceivingProcess(p) ∧ participatesInAtSomeTime(y,p) ∧ roleOf(x, y))
role held by a person or business organization when it receives a shipment from a carrier and owns the shipment after the receipt
if x is a 'consignee role' then x is an 'agent role' that is the 'role of' a 'business organization' or 'person' when it 'participates in at some time' some 'receiving process' that 'has participant at some time' some 'carrier'
consigning process
The act of placing goods in the possession of another, but retaining ownership until the goods are sold [CSCMP]
business process that results in placing a material entity in the possession of some agent without changing the ownership until the material entity is sold
The required construct for creation of a formal definition are not available in this release: possesion, ownership.
consignor role
LA1:ConsignorRole(x) → Role(x) ∧ ∃y,∃p, ∃s((BusinessOrganization(y) ∨ Person(y)) ∧ ShipmentPreparationProcess(p) ∧ Shipment(s) ∧ agentIn(y,p) ∧ isSpecifiedOutputOf(s,p) ∧ owns(y,s) roleOf(x, y))
LA2:ConsignorRole(x) → Role(x) ∧ ∃y,∃p ((BusinessOrganization(y) ∨ Person(y) ∧ ShipmentPreparationProcess(p) ∧ agentIn(y,p) ∧ roleOf(x, y))
role held by a business organization or person when it prepares and consigns a shipment it owns
LA1:if x is a 'consignor role' then x is an 'agent role' that is the 'role of' a 'business organization' or 'person' when it is 'agent in' some 'shipment preparation process' p that 'has specified output' some 'shipment' s and y 'owns' s.
LA2:if x is a Consignor Role then x is an Agent Role that is the 'role of' a Business Organization or Person y when it 'agent in' some Shipment Preparation Process p
container
piece of transport equipment that is designed to contain some material entities
departure process
DepartureProcess(x) →MaterialLocationChange(x) ∧ ​∃​y(TravelProcess(y) ∨ TransportProcess(y)) ∧ occurrentPartOf(x,y) ∧ ∃​z ∃​z' ∃​t(TemporalRegion(z) ∧ TemporalRegion(z') ∧ TempotalInstance(t)) ∧ occupiesTemporalRegion(​x,​z) ∧ occupiesTemporalRegion(​y,​z') ∧ firstInstanceOf(t,z') ∧ occupiesTemporalRegion(​x,​t)
material location change process that consists of the participating entity leaving its starting location such that the travel or transport process it is a part of is initiated
if x is a 'departure process' then x is a 'location change process' that is 'occurent part of' some 'transport process' or 'travel process' y and that 'occupies temporal region' some 'temporal region' which has 'first instant of' the temporal region of y as 'occurent part'
dispatch process
DispatchProcess(x)→BusinessProcess(x) ∧ ∃c,∃s((Consignor(c) ∧Shipment(s)) hasParticipantAtSomeTime (x,c) ∧ hasParticipantAtSomeTime (x,s))
business process in which an consignor (shipper) sends some shipment to a consignee (receiver)
if x is a 'dispatch process' then x is a 'business process' that 'has participant at some time' some 'consignor' and some 'shipment'
distribution center
The warehouse facility which holds inventory from manufacturing pending distribution to the appropriate stores [CSCMP]
storage facility designed to store manufactured products that are to be distributed to resellers and wholesalers
distributor
1- A business and industry which acts as a third party local representative and distribution point for a manufacturing firm. These firms may perform some light assembly or kitting of goods, but generally provides a buffer for finished goods [CSCMP]. 2- Distributors typically purchase the goods in quantity from the manufacturer and ship to customers in smaller quantities [CSCMP]. 3- A business that does not manufacture its own products, but purchases and resells these products. Such a business usually maintains a finished goods inventory [APICS].
Distributor(x) ↔ (BusinessOrganization(x) ∨ Person(x)) ∧ ∃r (DistributorRole (r) ∧ hasRole (x,r))
person or business organization when it purchases products from manufacturers and resells them to wholesalers
every instance of 'distributor' is defined as exactly an instance of is a 'person' or 'business organization' that 'has role' some 'distributor role'
distributor role
LA1:DistributorRole(x) → AgentRole(x) ∧ ∃y,∃p,∃r, ∃m ((BusinessOrganization(y) ∨ Person(y)) ∧ roleOf (x,y) ∧ OfferingForSaleBusinessProcess(p) ∧ MaterialProductRole(r) ∧ MaterialEntity(m) ∧ agentIn(y,p) ∧ realizes(p,r) ∧ roleOf(r, m)
LA2:DistributorRole(x) → AgentRole(x) ∧ ∃y,∃p, ∃r, ∃r1,∃r2, ∃m,∃d ((BusinessOrganization(y) ∨ Person(y)) ∧ roleOf (x,y) ∧ BuyerRole(r) ∧ hasRole(y,r) ∧ BuyingBusinessProcess(p) ∧ hasRealization(r,p) ∧ MaterialProductRole(r1) ∧ SupplierRole(r2) ∧ MaterialEntity(m) ∧ Manufacturer(d) ∧ realizes (p,r1) ∧ roleOf (r1,m) ∧ realizes (p,r2) ∧ roleOf (r2,d)
LA3:DistributorRole(x) → AgentRole(x) ∧ ∃y,∃p,∃r1,∃r2,∃m,∃e ((BusinessOrganization(y) ∨ Person(y)) ∧ roleOf (x,y)∧SupplyingBusinessProcess(p) ∧ agentIn(y,p) ∧ Wholesaler(w) ∧ BuyerRole(r1) ∧ roleOf(r1,w) ∧ MaterialEntity(m) ∧ MaterialProductRole(r2) ∧ roleOf(r2,m) ∧ realizes(p,r1) ∧ realizes(p,r2)
role held by a person or business organization when it buys some material products from a manufacturer and resells them to a wholesaler
LA1:if x is a 'distributor role' then x is an 'agent role' that is 'role of' some 'business organization' or 'person' who is 'agent in' some 'offering for sale business process' that 'realizes' some 'material product role' that is 'role of' some 'material entity'
LA2:if x is a 'distributor role' then x is an 'agent role' that is 'role of' some 'business organization' or 'person' y who 'has role' some 'buyer role' that 'has realization' some 'buying business process' p that 'realizes' some 'material product role' that is 'role of' some 'material entity' and p 'realizes' some 'supplier role' that is 'role of' some 'manufacturer'
LA3:if x is a 'distributor role' then x is an 'agent role' that is 'role of' some 'business organization' y or 'person' y who is 'agent in' some 'supplying business process p and p 'realizes' some 'material product role' that is role of' some 'material entity' and p 'realizes' some 'buyer role' that is 'role of' some 'wholesaler'
facility
engineered system that consists of buildings, structures, roads, machines, and equipment desgined to provide certain capabilities
factory
aircraft manufacturing factory (factory that is designed for manufacturing aircraft), motor vehicle manufacturing factory (factory that is designed for manufacturing motor vehicles), Frod's plant in Dearborn, MI
Factory(x) → Facility(x) ∧ ∃c,∃s (ProductionCapability(c) ∧ ProductionSystem(s) ∧ hasCapability(x,c) ∧ hasMemberPartAtSomeTime (x,s))
facility that is designed for manufacturing products and includes one or more production systems
if x is a 'factory' then x is a 'facility' that 'has capability' some 'production capability' and 'has member part at some time' some 'production system'
freight forwarder
International Equipment Relocations, TMF Logistics, Landstar, ICAT Logistics Inc.
1- The party that arranges the carriage of goods including connected services and/or associated formalities on behalf of the shipper (consignor) or consignee [GS1]. 2- A person or firm that arranges to pick up or deliver goods on instructions of a shipper or a consignee from or to a point by various necessary conveyances and common carriers [Random House Dictionary]. 3- freight forwarder is “middle man” between the carrier and the organization shipping the product. Often combines smaller shipments to take advantage of lower bulk costs [APICS].
FreightForwarder (x) ↔ (BusinessOrganization(x) ∨ Person(x)) ∧ ∃r (FreightForwarder (r) ∧ hasRole (x,r))
person or business organization when it arranges the transportation of shipments on behalf of the shipper (consignor) or consignee
every instance of 'freight forwarder' is defined as exactly an instance of 'business organization' or 'person' that 'has role' some 'freight forwarder role'
freight forwarder role
A freight forwarder, or forwarding agent, is a person or company that organizes shipments for individuals or corporations to get goods from the manufacturer or producer to a market, customer or final point of distribution.
FreightForwarderRole(x) ↔ LogisticsServiceProviderRole(x) ∧ ∃y,∃p,∃c ((BusinessOrganization(y) ∨ Person(y)) ∧ FreightForwardingService(p) ∧ (Consignor(c) ∨ Consignee(c)) ∧ agentIn(y,p) ∧ actsOnBehalfOfAtSomeTime(x,c) ∧ roleOf(x, y))
logistics service provider role held by an agent when it arranges the transportation of shipments on behalf of the shipper (consignor) or consignee
if x is a 'freight forwarder role' then x is a 'logistics service provider role' that is the 'role of' a 'business organization' or 'person' when it 'agent in' some 'freight forwarding service' and 'acts on behalf of at some time' some 'consignor' or 'consignee'
freight forwarding business function
business function that is realized in the process of planning and coordinating the transportation of material products on behalf of a shipper
FreightForwardingBusinessFunction(x) ↔ BusinessFunction(x) ∧ ∃s (FreightForwardingService (s) ∧ hasRealization (x,s))
business function that is realized in a freight forwarding service
every instance of 'freight forwarding business function' is defined as exactly an instance of 'business function' that is 'realized in' some 'freight forwarding service'
freight forwarding process
Freight forwarding is the process of organizing shipments for individuals or corporations to get goods from a manufacturer to a market, customer or final point of distribution.
FreightForwardingProcess(x)→BusinessProcess(x) ∧ ∃f,∃s((FreightForwarder(f) ∧Shipment(s)) hasParticipantAtSomeTime (x,f) ∧ hasParticipantAtSomeTime (x,s))
business process of planning and coordinating the transportation of material products on behalf of a shipper
if x is a 'freight forwarding process' then x is a 'business process' and 'has participant at some time' some 'freight forwarder' and some 'shipment'
freight forwarding service
Freight forwarding is the act of arranging commercial transportation for the cargo of other firms.
FreightForwardingService(x) → LogisticsService(x) ∧ ∃p (FreightForwardingProcess(p) ∧ hasOccurentPart(x,p))
logistics service that consists of at least one freight forwarding process
If x is a 'freight forwarding service' then x is a 'logistics service' that 'has occurrent part' some 'freight forwarding process'
GS1 GLN Specifications
identification scheme that specifies constraints on the structure of a GLN (global location number)
gain of role
change process in which some entity becomes the bearer of some role.
This class should be used to demarcate the start of the temporal interval (through 'occurs on' property) that the entity bears the role.
geospatial location
the location of Toyota's plant in San Antonio, the location of a shipping dock in warehouse facility, the site of a mixing process, the current location of a moving truck, the site of a truck loading process
GeospatialSite(x) ↔ GeospatialSite(x) ∧ ∃r (LocationRole (r) ∧ hasRole (x,r))
geospatial site that is the location of some material entity at some time or the site of some process
every istance of 'geospatial location' is defined as exactly an instance of 'geospatial site' that 'has role' some 'location role'
geospatial site
site at or near the surface of the earth
global location number
GLN can be used for identifying physical locations and digital locations. GLN A digital location is an electronic (non-physical) address that is used for communication between computer systems (such as a network location). The current version of the ontology only supports physical locations.
Company XYZ Branch 1 GLN:9012345000004, Company XYZ Branch 2 GLN:9012345100001
A Global Location Number (GLN) is the GS1 Identification Key used for uniquely identifying parties (legal entities) and pyisical locations that are involved in business transactions in supply chains. Physical locations may be addresses, single buildings, storage sites, single loading platform, etc. GLN is a 13-digit number that comprises a GS1 Company Prefix, Location Reference and Check Digit. The Global Location Number (GLN) is part of the GS1 systems of standards.
GlobalLocationNumber(x) ↔CodeIdentifier (x) ∧ ∃y (BusinessOrganization(y) ∨ GeospatialLocation (y)) ∧ designates(x,y) ∧ ∃z (GlobalLocationNumberCodingSystem (z) ∧ prescribedBy (x,z))
code identifer that uniquely identifies a business organization or a geospatial location and complies with GLN coding scheme
'global location number' is a 'code identifier' that 'designates' a 'business organization' or 'geospatial location' that is 'prescribed by' global location number coding scheme'
group of persons
a group of shop floor operators working for a manufacturing company
GroupOfPersons(x) ↔ ObjectAggregate(x) ∧ ∃y (Person(y) ∧ memberPartOfAtAllTimes(y, x)) ∧ ∀z (memberPartOfAtAllTimes(z, x) → Person(z))
group of agents that has only persons as parts
every instance of 'group of persons' is defined as exactly an instance of 'object aggregate' that 'has member part at all times' some 'person' and 'has member part at all times' only 'person'
group of suppliers
The companies that are involved in manufacturing of iPhone and its parts
There exist a 'supply chain link' between two interacting agents who are members of the same supplier group related to a specific supply chain system.
GroupOfSuppliers(x ) → OrganizedGroupOfAgents (x) ∧ ∀y, ∃r, ∃s(BusinessOrganization(y) ∧ (Supplier Role(r) ∧ SupplyRelationship(s) ∧ specificallyDependedOnBy (r,s) ∧ ∃p(SupplyChainPlanSpecification (p) ∧ prescribes (p,s)) ∧ hasRole (y,r) ∧ hasMemberPartAtAllTimes(x,y))
group of agents involved in trading and other business relationships with one another during the operation of specific supply chains
if x is a 'group of suppliers' then x is an 'organized group of agents' that only 'has member parts at all times' some 'business organization' y that 'has role' some 'supplier role' r such that r is 'specifically depended on by' some 'supply relationship' s and s is 'prescribed by' some 'supply chain plan specification' p
industrial inventory
sealed and labeled boxes of ballbearings packaged for shipment
Those stocks or items used to support production (raw materials and work-in-process items), supporting activities (maintenance, repair, and operating supplies), and customer service (finished goods and spare parts) [APICS].
IndustrialInventory(x) ↔ (MaterialArtifact(x) ∨ MaterialComponent(x) v MaterialProduct(x) v RawMaterial(x)) ∧ ∃r (IndustrialInventoryRole (r) ∧ hasRole (x,r))
material product, material component, raw material, or material artifact that is ready to be sold or used and is stored in a storage facility or on factory floor
every instance of 'industrial inventory' is defined as exactly an instance of 'raw material' or 'material product' or 'material artifact' or 'material component' that 'has role' some 'industrial inventory role'
industrial inventory role
For a tile manufacturer, inventory will include the boxes of tile that are ready to sell, the semi-finished stock of tiles that haven’t been packed yet, the tiles set aside for quality checking, and raw materials like silica sand, clay, and pottery stone.
IndustrialInventoryRole(x) → InventoryRole(x) ∧ ∃m,∃p (MaterialEntity(m) ∧ (ProductProductipnProcess(p) ∨ SupplyingBusinessProcess(p)) ∧ participatesInAtSomeTime(m,p) ∧ roleOf (x,m))
role held by some material entity when it is stored by a bussiness organization and it is intended to be supplied to a customer or to be used or consumed in some product production process
if x is an 'industrial inventory role' then x is an 'inventory role' that is 'role of' some 'material entity' that 'participates in at some time' some 'product production process' or 'supplying business process'
industry
automotive industry, defense industry, oil and gas industry
Group of organizations that participate in similar or related business processes and are intended to realize similar or related primary business functions according to their organizational objectives and plans.
Industry(x) → GroupofAgents(x) ∧ ∃y (BusinessOrganization(y) ∧ memberPartOfAtAllTimes(y, x)) ∧ ∀z (memberPartOfAtAllTimes(z, x) → BusinessOrganization(z))
group of organizations that are related based on their primary business activities
if x is an Industry then x is a 'group of agents' that only 'has member parts at all times 'business organization'
integrated carrier business organization
A company that offers a blend of transportation services such as land, sea and air carriage, freight forwarding, and ground handling [CSCMP]
IntegratedCarrierBusinessOrganization(x)→BusinessOrganization(x) ∧ ∃f((FreightForwardingBusinessFunction(f) ∨ TransportationBusinessFunction(f)) ∧hasFunction(x,f))
business organization that is created for the purpose of providing different types of transportation and freight forwarding services
every instance of 'integrated carrier business organization' is defined as exactly an instance of 'business organization' that 'has function' some 'transportation business function' and 'has function' some 'freight forwarding business function'
inventory
stock of items kept or owned by an agent to meet external or internal need some agent might have
Inventory(x) ↔ MaterialEntity(x) ∧ ∃r (InventoryRole (r) ∧ hasRole (x,r))
material entity kept or owned by an agent to meet external or internal need some agent might have
every instance of 'inventory' is defined as exactly an instance of 'material entity' that 'has role' some 'inventory role'
inventory management process
1- The process of ensuring the availability of products through inventory administration [CSCMP] 2-The branch of business management concerned with planning and controlling inventories [APICS]
business process that consists of the activities required for controlling, tracking, recording, and planning inventroies
inventory role
InventoryRole(x) → MaterialResourceRole(x) ∧ ∃m,∃p (MaterialEntity(m) ∧ InventoryManagementProcess(p) ∧ participatesInAtSomeTime(m,p) ∧ roleOf (x,m))
material resource role held by a number of material entities when they are kept by an agent to satisfy some need of the agent or meet some objective carried by the agent
if x is an 'inventory role' then x is a 'material resource role' that is 'role of' some 'material entity' that 'participates in at some time' some 'inventory management process'
load
collection of material entites transported or transferred together
Load(x) ↔ MaterialEntity(x) ∧ ∃r (LoadRole (r) ∧ hasRole (x,r))
collection of material entities which share the same transportation and transfer history
every instance of 'load' is defined as exactly an instane of 'material entity' that 'has role' some 'load role'
load role
LoadRole(x) → TraceableResouceUnitRole(x) ∧ ∃m,∃p MaterialEntity(m) ∧ MaterialLocationChangeProcess(p) ∧ participatesInAtSomeTime(m,p) ∧ ∃i (Identifier (i) ∧ designates (i,m)) ∧ roleOf (x,m)
traceable resource unit role held by a number of material entities that have been transferred or transported together
if x is a Load Role then x is a Traceable Resource Unit Role that is the 'role of' some 'material entity' m that 'participates in at some time' some 'material location change process' and m is 'designated by' some 'identifier'
location identification scheme
GS1 specifications related to creating global location numbers (GLN) for physical and digital locations
LocationIdentificationScheme(x) → IdentificationScheme (x) ∧ ∃i (Identifier (i) ∧ prescribes(x,i)) ∧ ∃g (geospatialLocation (i) ∧ designates(i,g))
identification scheme that prescribes how unique identifiers of physical locations are formulated
if x is a 'location identification scheme' then x is an 'identification scheme' that 'prescribes' some 'identifier' that designates some 'geospatial location'
location role
LocationRolel(x) ↔ Role(x) ∧ ∃g(GeospatialSite(g) ∧ roleOf(x,g)) ∧ ∃m∃p (Process (p) ∧ MaterialEntity (m) ∧ locationOfAtSometime (g,m) ∨ isSiteOf (g,p))
role held by a geospatial site when it is the location of some material entity at some time or the site of some process
every instance of 'location role' is defined as exactly an instance of 'role' that is the 'role of' some 'geospatial site' that is 'location of at some time' some 'material entity' or 'is site of' some 'process'
logistic unit
An item of any composition established for transport and/or storage that needs to be managed through the supply chain [GS1].
LogisticUnit(x) ↔ MaterialEntity(x) ∧ ∃r (LogisticUnitRole (r) ∧ hasRole (x,r))
material entities packaged together for transport or storage
every instance of 'logistic unit' is defined as exactly an instance of 'material entity' that 'has role' some 'logistic unit role'
logistic unit role
traceable resource unit role held by a number of material entities that are packaged together for transport or storage
logistics process
LogisticsProcess(x) → BusinessProcess(x) ∧ ∃p ((ReceivingProcess(p) ∨ ShipmentPreparationProcess(p) ∨ StorageProcess(p) ∨ FreightForwardingProcess(p) ∨ TransportProcess(p) ∨ DispatchProcess(p)) ∧ hasOccurentPart (x,p))
business process that consists of a combination of one or more transport, shipment preparation, storage or receiving processes
if x is a 'logistics process' then x is an 'business process' that 'has occurrent part' some 'receiving process' or 'shipment preparation process' or 'storage process' or 'transport process' or 'freight forwarding process'
logistics service
The services related to planning, implementing, and controlling procedures for the efficient and effective transportation and storage of goods including services, and related information from the point of origin to the point of consumption for the purpose of conforming to customer requirements.
LogisticsService(x) → CommercialService(x) ∧ ∃p ((TransportationProcess(p) ∨ FreightForwardingProcess(x) ∨ PackagingProcess ∨ StorageProcess(x)) ∧ hasOccurentPart(x,p))
commercial service that consists of at least one transport process, packaging process, freight forwarding, or storage process
if x is a 'logistics service' then x is a 'commercial service' that 'has occurrent part' some 'transport process', 'packaging process', 'freight forwarding process', or 'storage process'
logistics service provider role
Any business which provides logistics services. Includes those businesses typically referred to as 3PL, 4PL, LLP, etc. Services may include provisioning, transport, warehousing, packaging, etc [CSCMP].
service provider role that is held by a business organization or person when it provides a logistics service
Logistics Service Provider Role x implies that x is a Service Provider Role that is 'role of' some Business Organization or Person y when it is agent in'' some 'Logistics Service'.
loss of role
change process in which some entity ceases to be the bearer of some role.
lot
Lot(x) ↔ MaterialEntity(x) ∧ ∃r (LotRole (r) ∧ hasRole (x,r))
quantity of material entities produced together and sharing the same production history and specifications
every instannce of 'lot' is defined as exactly an instance of 'material entity' that 'has role' some 'lot role'
lot number
Lot Number: 180220601 The first two digits (18) is the year of manufacture (2018) The next two digits (02) is the month of manufacture (February) The next two digits (20) is the day of the month of manufacture (20th) The next digit (6) is the plant number The last two digits (01) represents the product batch of that specific day
1- A unique identification assigned to a homogeneous quantity of material [APICS] 2- A sequence number associated with a specific batch or production run of products and used for tracking purposes [CSCMP].
it is often used interchangeably with Batch Number
LotNumber(x) ↔CodeIdentifier (x) ∧ ∃y (Lot(y) ∧ designates(x,y))
code identifier that uniquely denotes a particular quantity of material entities that have shared production or transformation histroy.
'lot number' is a 'code identifier' that 'designates' some 'lot'
lot role
LotRole(x) → TraceableResouceUnitRole(x) ∧ ∃m,∃p MaterialEntity(m) ∧ ManufacturingProcess(p) ∧ participatesInAtSomeTime(m,p) ∧ ∃i (LotNumber (i) ∧ designates (i,m)) ∧ roleOf (x,m)
traceable resource unit role held by material entities that have a shared production or transformation history
if x is a 'lot role' then x is a 'traceable resource unit role' that is the 'role of' some 'material entity' m that 'participates in at some time' some 'manufacturing process' and m is 'designated by' some 'lot number'
make-to-order production capability
production capability to manufacture some material artifact only after a confirmed customer order is received
make-to-stock production capability
production capability to manufacture and store some material artifact to fulfill expected incoming orders or forcasted demand
construts such as 'order' and 'demand forecast' are not available in the current version
manufacturing supply chain system
ManufacturingSupplyChainSystem(x) ↔SupplyChainSystem(x) ∧ ∃p(MaterialProduct(p) ∧ hasSpecifiedOutput(x,p))
supply chain system that is formed to manufacture one or more products
every instance of 'manufacturing supply chain system' defined as exactly an instance of a 'supply chain system' that 'has specified output' some 'material product'
packaging plan specification
PlanSpecification(x) ∧ ∃c(PackagingProcess(p) ∧ prescribes(x,p)) → PackagingPlanSpecification(x)
plan specification that prescribes a packaging process
if x is a 'plan specification' that 'prescribes' some 'packaging process' p and p 'has participant at some time' some 'material product', then x is a 'packaging plan specification'
packaging process
Packing is the preparation of product or commodity for proper storage and/or transportation packaging may entail blocking, bracing, cushioning, marking, sealing, labeling, strapping, weather proofing, wrapping
PackagingProcess(x)→BusinessProcess(x) ∧ ∃m, ∃p (MaterialProduct(m) ∧ PackagingPlanSpecification(p) ∧ hasParticipantAtSomeTime (x,m) ∧ prescribedBy(x,p))
business process of providing a protective covering to a product (material products) in such a way that it protects the product during storage and movement
if x is a 'packaging process' then x is a 'business process' and 'has participant at some time' some 'material procduct' and x is 'prescribed by' some 'packaging plan specification'
packaging service
PackagingService(x) → LogisticsService(x) ∧ ∃p (PackagingProcess(p) ∧ hasOccurentPart(x,p))
logistics service that consists of at lest one packaging process
if x is a 'packaging service' then x is a 'logistics service' that 'has occurrent part' some 'packaging process'
packaging service provider role
PackagingServiceProviderRole(x) ↔ LogisticsServiceProviderRole(x) ∧ ∃y,∃p ((BusinessOrganization(y) ∨ Person(y)) ∧ PackagingService(p) ∧ agentIn(y,p) ∧ roleOf(x, y))
logisitics service provider role held by a business organization or person when it provides a packaging service
if x is a Packaging Service Provider Role then x is a Logistics Service Provider Role that is the 'role of' a Business Organization or Person y when it is'agent in' some Packaging Service
part number
100-440-0.750-3434-A is the part number for a pin used in a compressor
PartNumber(x) →CodeIdentifier (x) ∧ ∃y (MaterialArtifact(y) ∧ designates(x,y))
code identifier that uniquely identifies an artifact (material artifact) and that is created according to some part numbering system
if x is a 'part number' then x is a 'code identifier' that 'designates' some 'material artifact'
a part/item number can be applied to raw materials, fluids, component parts, subassemblies, finished assemblies, packaging, etc.
piece of transport equipment
Transport equipment is defined as a piece of high-value equipment used to hold, protect or secure cargo for transportation purposes [GS1].
piece of equipment that has the function of holding, protecting, and securing a number of material entites for transportation purposes
The required constructs for formal definition, such as holding, protecting, and securing, are not available in this release.
production capability
ProductionCapability(x)→Capability(x ) ∧ ∃y (Agent(y) ∨ EngineeredSystem(y) ∧ CapabilityOf (x,y)) ∧ ∃p (ProductProductionProcess(p) ∧ hasRealization(x,p))
capability of an agent or a system that is realized in a product production process
if x is a 'production capability' then x is a 'capability' that is 'capability of' some agent or system y and that 'realized in' some 'product production process' p
purchase order
A PO becomes a legally binding document (contract) between a buyer and a seller once it is approved by the seller.
PurchaseOrder(x) → Agreement (x) ∧ ∃p (BuyingBusinessProcess (p) ∧ isAbout(x,p)) ∧ ∃b,∃s (BuyerRole (b) ∧ SupplierRole(s) ∧ prescribes(x,b) ∧ prescribes(x,s))
agreement between a buyer and a vendor (supplier) that that contains a set of commitments on the buyer and the vendeor
if x is a 'purchase order' then x is an 'agreement' that 'is about' some 'buying business process' and 'prescribes' some 'buyer role' and some 'supplier role'
receiving process
1- The function of taking physical receipt of material and performing initial inspection of the incoming shipment for damage and validation with respect to purchase order quantity. Typically includes some initial data recording, but not quality assurance or stocking [CSCMP]. 2- The function encompassing the physical receipt of material, the inspection of the shipment for conformance with the purchase order (quantity and damage), the identification and delivery to destination, and the preparation of receiving reports [APICS].
planned process in which an agent receives some material entity from another agent
retailer
1- a person or business organization that sells goods to the public in relatively small quantities for use or consumption rather than for resale. 2- An individual or organization which purchasers products from a manufacturer or distributor and resells them to the ultimate consumer. This group includes a wide range of businesses from door to door and corner stores to global companies like Walmart, as well as on-line stores like Amazon [CSCMP]. 3-The party that sells directly to the ultimate consumer [GS1]. 4-A business or person that sells goods to the consumer, as opposed to a wholesaler or supplier, who normally sell their goods to another business [GS1].
Retailer(x) ↔ (BusinessOrganization(x) ∨ Person(x)) ∧ ∃r (RetailerRole (r) ∧ hasRole (x,r))
person or business organization who buys products from wholesalers and manufacturers and resells them to end users
every instance of 'retailer' is defined as exactly an instance of 'person' or 'business organization' that 'has role' some 'retailer role'
retailer role
LA1: RetailerRole(x) → AgentRole(x) ∧ ∃y,∃p, ∃r, ∃r1,∃r2, ∃m,∃f ((BusinessOrganization(y) ∨ Person(y)) ∧ roleOf (x,y) ∧ BuyerRole(r) ∧ hasRole(y,r) ∧ BuyingBusinessProcess(p) ∧ hasRealization(r,p) ∧ MaterialProductRole(r1) ∧ SupplierRole(r2) ∧ MaterialEntity(m) ∧ realizes (p,r1) ∧ roleOf (r1,m) ∧ realizes (p,r2) ∧ roleOf (r2,f) → (Manufacturer(f) ∨ Wholesaler(f))
LA2:RetailerRole(x) → AgentRole(x) ∧ ∃y,∃p,∃r1,∃r2,∃m,∃e ((BusinessOrganization(y) ∨ Person(y)) ∧ roleOf (x,y)∧SupplyingBusinessProcess(p) ∧ agentIn(y,p) ∧ Customer (c) ∧ BuyerRole(r1)∧roleOf(r1,c) ∧ MaterialEntity(m) ∧ MaterialProductRole(r2) ∧ roleOf(r2,m) ∧ realizes(p,r1) ∧ realizes(p,r2)
LA3:RetailerRole(x) → AgentRole(x) ∧ ∃y,∃p,∃r, ∃m ((BusinessOrganization(y) ∨ Person(y)) ∧ roleOf (x,y) ∧ OfferingForSaleBusinessProcess(p) ∧ agentIn(y,p) ∧ MaterialProductRole(r) ∧ MaterialEntity(m) ∧ realizes(p,r) ∧ roleOf(r,m)
role held by a person or business organization when it buys products (material product) from manufacturers or wholesalers and offers them for sale to customers who are the end users of the product
LA1: if x is a 'retailer role' then x is an 'agent role' that is 'role of' some 'business organization' or 'person' y that 'has role' some 'buyer role' and 'has realization' some 'buying business process' that 'realizes' some 'material product role' that is 'role of' some 'material entity' and 'realizes' some 'supplier role' that is 'role of' some 'manufacturer' or 'wholesaler'
LA2:if x is a 'retailer role' then x is an 'agent role' that is 'role of' some 'business organization' or 'person' y who is 'agent in' some 'supplying business process' p and p 'realizes' some 'material product role' that is role of' some 'material entity' and p 'realizes' some 'buyer role' that is 'role of' some 'customer'
LA3:if x is a 'retailer role' then x is an 'agent role' that is 'role of' some 'business organization' or 'person' who is 'agent in' some 'offering for sale business process' that 'realizes' some 'material product role' that is 'role of' some 'material entity'
seaway
A specific route that ocean liners take between ports to help traffic flow and to avoid the most dangerous areas of the ocean [APICS].
three-dimensional spatial region that connects one specified location to another on a body of water along which a watercraft may travel
service consumer role
customer role held by a person or business organization when it receives and consumes a service
service supply chain system
ServiceSupplyChainSystem(x) ↔SupplyChainSystem(x) ∧ ∃s(CommercialService(s) ∧ participatesInAtSomeTimes(x,s))
supply chain system that is formed to deliver some commercial services
every instance of 'service supply chain system' is defined as exactly an instance of a 'supply chain system' that 'participates in at some times' some 'commercial service'
ship from location
shipping dock, outbound staging area, Amazon FulFillment Center in San Marcos, TX
The location from which material is sent [APICS]
ShipFromLocation(x) ↔ GeospatialSite(x) ∧ ∃r (ShipFromLocationRole (r) ∧ hasRole (x,r))
geospatial location at which some dispatch process occurs as prescribed by some shippig agreement (bill of lading)
every instance of 'ship from location' is defined as exactly an instance of 'geospatial location' that 'has role' some 'ship from location role'
ship from location role
location role held by a geospatial site when it is the location at which some dispatch process occures as prescribed by some shipping agreement (Bill of Lading).
ship to location
1-The physical location to which goods for transport are finally delivered [GS1] 2- The location to which material is being shipped [APICS]
ShipToLocation(x) ↔ GespatialSite(x) ∧ ∃r (ShipToLocationRole (r) ∧ hasRole (x,r))
geospatial location in which some receiving process occurs as prescribed by some shipping agreement (bill of lading)
every instance of 'ship from location' is defined as exactly an instance of 'geospatial location' that 'has role' some 'ship to location role'
ship to location role
ShipToLocationRolel(x) → LocatinRole(x) ∧ ∃g,∃p,∃b(GeospatialSite(g) ∧ ReceivingProcess(p) ∧ BillOfLading(b) ∧ isSiteOf(g,p) ∧ isPrescribedBy(p,b) ∧ roleOf(x,g))
location role held by a geospatial site when it is the location at which some receiving process occures as prescribed by some shipping agreement (Bill of Lading).
if x is a 'ship to location role' then x is a 'role' that is the 'role of' some 'geospatial site' and 'is site of' some 'receiving process' that is 'prescribed by' some 'bill of lading'
shipment
Examples include truckload, vessel, 10 pallets of various items.
1- A grouping of logistic and transport units assembled and identified by the seller (sender) of the goods travelling under one dispatch advice and/or Bill of Lading to one customer (recipient) [GS1] 2- An item or group of items delivered to one party’s location at one moment in time that have undergone the same dispatch and receipt processes [GS1]
1. a shipment may contain one or more logistic units 2. A shipment is prepared as prescribed according to some shipment plan and is intended to be transported by some carrier and delivered to some receiver.
Shipment(x) ↔ MaterialEntity(x) ∧ ∃r (ShipmentRole (r) ∧ hasRole (x,r))
collection of material entities delivered to a receiver's location that have undergone the same dispatch and receipt processes
every instance of 'shipment' is defined as exactly an instance of 'material entity' that 'has role' some 'shipment role'
shipment preparation process
The activities related to preparation of outgoing shipment for transport. Shipment preparation process (shipping) often includes at least one picking, internal movement, packaging, marking, weighing, or loading process.
ShipmentPreparationProcess (x) → BusinessProcess(x) ∧ ∃c,∃m,∃s (Consignor(c) ∧ MaterialProduct(m) ∧ Shipment(s) ∧ hasParticipantAtSomeTime some(x,c) ∧ hasParticipantAtSomeTime (x,m) ' ∧ hasSpecifiedOutput (x,s))
business process in which some material entities are prepared to be transported together to a receiver’s location.
if x is a 'shipment preparation process' then x is a business process' and 'has participant at some time' some 'consignor' and 'has participant at some time' some 'material product' and 'has specified output' some 'shipment'
shipment role
ShipmentRole(x) → TraceableResouceUnitRole(x) ∧ ∃m,∃p MaterialEntity(m) ∧ ShipmentPreparationProcess(p) ∧ outputOf(m,p) ∧ ∃b(BillOfLading(b) ∧ prescribedBy(p,b)) ∧ ∃i (Identifier (i) ∧ designates (i,m)) ∧ roleOf (x,m)
traceable resource unit role held by material entities when they undergo the same dispatch and receipt processes as prescribed by a bill of lading
if x is a Shipment Role then x is a Traceable Resource Unit Role that is the 'role of' some 'material entity' m that is the 'output of' some Shipment Preparation Process p and p is 'prescribed by' some 'bill of lading' and m is 'designated by' some 'identifier'
consignor
1- The originator of a shipment of freight [APICS]. 2- The party who originates a shipment of goods (shipper). The sender of a freight shipment, usually the seller [CSCMP]. 3-The consignor is the company shipping the product. A consignor can be a factory, distribution center or drop ship origin location. When shipping internationally, the consignor is the exporter of record.
Consignor(x) ↔ (BusinessOrganization(x) ∨ Person(x)) ∧ ∃r (ConsignorRole (r) ∧ hasRole (x,r))
person or business organization that prepares and sends shipments for transport
every instance of 'consignor' is defined as exactly an instance of a 'person' or 'business organization' that 'has role' some 'consignor role'
shipping route
A path along which some shipment travels during some transport process.
way (three-dimensional spatial region) that connects two or more supply chain nodes along which some shipment travels during a transport process
storage capability
StorageCapability(x)→Capability(x) ∧ ∃y (Agent(y) ∨ EngineeredSystem(y) ∧ CapabilityOf (x,y)) ∧ ∃p (StorageProcess(p) ∧ hasRealization(x,p))
capability of an agent or a system that is realized in a storage process
if x is a 'storage capability' then x is a 'capability' that is 'capability of' some agent or system y and that 'realized in' some 'storage process' p
storage facility
Costco's Warehouse, Self-storage facility
StorageFacility(x) → Facility(x) ∧ ∃c(StorageCapability(c) ∧ hasCapability(x,c))
facility that is designed to store materials or goods
if x is a 'storage facility' then x is a 'facility' and x and 'has capability' some 'storage capability'
storage process
the process of storing cutting tools in a tool cabinet for future use
planned process of putting and keeping material entities in a specified location for future use
storage service
logistics service in which an agent keeps a number of material artifacts in a specified location to meet the storage needs of another agent.
logistics service that consists of at least one storage process
StorageService(x) → LogisticsService(x) ∧ ∃p (StorageProcess(p) ∧ hasOccurentPart(x,p))
if x is a 'storage service' then x is a 'logistics service' that 'has occurrent part' some 'storage process'
storage service provider role
StorageServiceProviderRole(x) ↔ LogisticsServiceProviderRole(x) ∧ ∃y,∃p ((BusinessOrganization(y) ∨ Person(y)) ∧ StorageService(p) ∧ agentIn(y,p) ∧ roleOf(x, y))
logisitics service provider role that is held by a person or business organization when it provides a storage service
if x is a Storage Service Provider Role then x is a Service Provider Role that is the 'role of' a Business Organization or Person y when it 'agent in' some Storage Service p
supplier evaluation process
Tesla evaluating the capabilities of a manufacturer of some battery component
apprasial process that involves evaluating, assessing, estimating, or judging the capabilities of a person or organization that is intended to become a member of a supply chain
if x is a 'supplier evaluation process' then x is an 'appraisal process' that 'has participant at some time' some 'supplier'
supply chain agent
SupplyChainAgent(x) ↔ (BusinessOrganization(x) ∨ Person(x)) ∧ ∃r (SupplyChainAgentRole(r) ∧ hasRole (x,r))
person or business organization who supplies material products or commercial services to other agents in a supply chain
every instance of 'supply chain agent' is defined as exactly an instance of 'person' or 'business organization' that 'has role' some 'supply chain role'
supply chain agent role
SupplyChainAgentRolel(x) ↔ AgentRole(x) ∃a, ∃s, ∃p (Agent(a) ∧ SupplyChainProcess(p) ∧ GroupOfSuppliers(p) ∧ hasRelization(x,p) ∧ memberPartAtSomeTime(a,s) ∧ roleOf(x,a))
role held by an agent that is a part of a supply chain system when it supplies material products or commercial services to other agents in the supply chain system
if x is a 'supply chain agent role' then x is a 'role' that is the 'role of' some 'agent' a that is 'member part of at some time' some 'group of suppliers' and that 'has realization' in some 'supply chain process'
supply chain node
The location of a plant in which airbags are manufactured for Tesla cars, The location of a warehouse in which car axels are stored before being shipped to the assembly plant
SupplyChainNode(x) ↔ GeospatialSite(x) ∧ ∃r (SupplyChainNodeRole (r) ∧ hasRole (x,r))
geospatial location that is the site of some supply chain process
every instance of 'supply chain node' is defined as exactly an instance of 'geospatial location' that 'has role' some 'supply chain node role'
supply chain node role
the site of a factory operated by a supplier of Tesla, the site of a storage facility where airbag packages are stored before being shipped to a Ford assembly plant
SupplyChainNodeRolel(x) ↔ LocatinRole(x) ∧ ∃g,∃p (GeospatialSite(g) ∧ SupplyChainProcess(p) ∧ isSiteOf(g,p) roleOf(x,g))
location role held by a geospatial site when it is the site some supply chain process
every instance of 'supply chain node role' is defined as exactly an instance of 'location role' that is 'role of' some 'geospatial site' when 'is site of' some 'supply chain process'
supply chain objective specification
an objective of a supply chain for manufacturing water pumps is to manufacture and deliver a batch of 100 water pumps per day in a given timeframe
InformationContentEntity (x) ∧ (∃c∃p(Continuant (c) ∧ SupplyChainProcess(p) ∧ isOutputOf (c,p) ∧ prescribes (x,c)) → SupplyChainObjectiveSpecification (x)
objective specification that prescribes what the outcome of a supply chain process should be
x is an 'information content entity' and there is a 'continuant' c that 'is output of' some 'supply chain process' and x 'prescribes' c implies x is a 'supply chain objective specification'
supply chain plan specification
LA1:SupplyChainPlanSpecification (x) → PlanSpecification (x) ∧ ∃o (SupplyChainObjectiveSpecification(o) ∧ hasContinuantPartAtAllTimes (x,0))
LA2:PlanSpecification(x) ∧ ∃c(SupplyChainProcess(p) ∧ prescribes(x,p)) → SupplyChainPlanSpecification(x)
plan specification that has one or more supply chain objective specifications as parts and that prescribes a supply chain process
LA1:if x is 'supply chain plan specification' then x is a 'plan specification' that 'has continuant part at all times' some 'supply chain objective specification' o
LA2:x is a Plan Specification and x 'prescribes' some Supply Chain Process implies x is a Supply Chain Plan Specification
supply chain process
SupplyChainProcess(x) ↔ BusinessProcess(x) ∧ ∃s,∃p (SupplyChainAgent(s) ∧ SupplyChainPlanSpecification (p)) ∧ (hasParticipantAtSomeTime (x,s) ∧ concretizesAtSomeTime (x,p) ∧ genericallyDependsOnAtSomeTime (p,s))
planned process in which a supply chain plan specification is realized by a number of supply chain agents
every instance of 'supply chain process' is defined as exactly an instance of 'business process' that 'has participant at some time' some 'supply chain agent' and 'concretizes at some time' some 'supply chain plan specification' that 'generically depends on at some time' supply chain agent'
supply chain system
A related notion is Supply Chain Infrastrucutre.
A supply chain is a system of organizations and business procsses that are involved in manufacture, distribution, and maintenance of a product or asset [GS1]. An Engineered System comprising all agents, equipment, facilities, software systems, production systems, logistics systems, and other systems and resources, governed by a set of rules, designed and deployed with the function of delivering a product or a service to some customer [APICS].
SupplyChainSystem(x) ↔EngineeredSystem(x) ∧ ∃s((CommercialService(s) ∨ ProductProductionProcess(s)) ∧ (participatesInAtSomeTime (x,s)) ∧ ∃g(GroupofSuppliers(g) ∧ hasMemberPartAtAllTime (x,g) ∃p(SupplyChainPlanSpecification(p) ∧ prescribes(p,x))
engineered system composed of agents, facilties, machines, and information systems that is designed to deliver products and services to end customers through an engineered flow of information, material, and cash
every instance of 'supply chain system' is defined as exactly an instance of an 'engineered system' that 'has member part at all times' some 'group of suppliers' that 'participates in at some time' some 'product production process' or 'commercial service' and 'is prescribed by' some 'supply chain plan specification'
supply chain transport process
SupplyingChainTransportProcess(x) ↔ TransportProcess(x) ∧ (∃n1,∃n1(SupplyChainNode(n1) ∧ SupplyChainNode(n2) ∧ startsAt(x,n1) ∧ startsAt(x,n1)) ∧ (∃b(BillOfLading(b) ∧ prescribedBy (x,b)) ∧ (∃s(Shipment(s) ∧ hasParticipantAtSomeTime (x,s))
transport process which involves movement of goods between sending trading party’s location and receiving trading party’s locations over the public logistics pathway/infrastructure
every instance of 'supply chain transport process' is defined as exactly an instance of a 'transport process' that 'starts at' and 'ends at' some 'supply chain node' and is 'prescribed by' some 'bill of lading' and 'has participant at some time' some 'shipment'
supply relationship
SupplyRelationship(x)→SpecificallyDependentContinuant(x) ∧ ∃r1,∃r2,∃c (CustomerRole(r1) ∧ SupplierRole(r2) ∧ agreement(c) ∧ specificallyDependsOn(x,r1) ∧ specificallyDependsOn(x,r2 ∧ prescribedBy(x,c))
relationship that exists between two agents when one agent supplies a product or service to another agent and that is prescribed by an agreement
if x is a 'supply relationship' then x is a 'specifically dependant continuant' and x 'specifically depends on' some 'supplier role' and some 'customer role' and x is 'prescribed by' some 'agreement'
system capability
The ability of a system to execute a particular course of action or achieve a desired effect, under a specified set of conditions.
SystemCapability(x) ↔ Capability(x) ∧ ∃s(System(s)∧capabilityOf(x,s))
capability that inheres in a system to the extent of the system's capacity to realize it in some processes
if x is a 'system capability' then x is a 'capability' that is 'capability of' some System s
traceability
capability of a system to trace the history, application or location of an object.
traceable resource unit
Traceable Resource Unit (TRU) is “the unit that the company wants to trace” or “the unit that the company records information on in the traceability system”. Examples of traceable objects include products (e.g., consumer goods, medicines, electronic devices), logistic units (e.g., palletised goods, parcels) and assets (e.g., trucks, vessels, trains, fork lifts).
TraceableResourceUnit(x) ↔ MaterialEntity(x) ∧ ∃r (TraceableResourceUnitRole (r) ∧ hasRole (x,r))
material entity that is uniquely identified and there may be a need to retrieve information about its history, application, or location as it moves through a supply chain
every instance of 'traceable resource unit' is defined as exactly an instance of 'material entity' that 'has role' some 'traceable resource unit role'
traceable resource unit role
TraceableResouceUnitRole(x) → Role(x) ∧ ∃m,∃p1,∃p2,∃d MaterialEntity(m) ∧ (ProductProductionProcess(p1) ∨ SupplyChainProcess(p1)) ∧ ObservingProcess(p2) ∧ CodeIdentifier(d) ∧ participatesInAtSomeTime(m,p1) ∧ participatesInAtSomeTime(m,p2) ∧ designatedBy (x,d) ∧ roleOf (x,m)
role held by a number of uniquely identified material entities when they participate in some supply chain processes or production processes while some agent observes them and collects information about them for future retrieval
if x is a 'traceable resource unit role' then x is a 'role' that is a 'role of' some 'material entity' that is 'designated by' some 'code identifier' and 'participates in at some time' some 'supply chain process' or 'product production process' and 'observing process'
tracking event
a transport event during which raw materials are moved from one container to another container, a sampling event during which a sample is taken from a portion of raw material for quality tests
An occurrence where information is captured representing history relevant to a product’s genealogy. This includes occurrences to product or material, as well as occurrences involving equipment with which product or material came into contact. Tracking event records are used to reconstruct material history later during analysis.
event that has at least one traceable resource unit or equipment (with which TRU comes into contact with) or operator (that runs an equipment with which TRU comes into contact with at some time) as participant .
trailer
piece of transport equipment that is unpowered and is pulled by a powered vehicle
transport process
TransportProcess(x) → MaterialLocationChangeProcess(x) ∧ ∃e ((PieceOfTransportEquipment(e) ∧ hasParticipantAtSomeTime(x,e))
material location change process involving the movement of material entities by some piece of transport equipment
if x is a 'transport process' then x is a 'material location change process' that 'has participant at some time' some 'piece of transport equipment'
transportation business function
business function that is realized in a location change process involving the movement of material entities by some piece of transport equipment
TransportationBusinessFunction(x) ↔ BusinessFunction(x) ∧ ∃s (TransportationService (s) ∧ hasRealization (x,s))
business function that is realized in a transportation service
every instance of 'transportation business function' is defined as exactly an instance of a 'business function' that 'has realization' some 'transportation service'
transportation service
logistics service in which an agent changes the location of some material entities to satisfy the transportation needs of another agent
TransportationService(x) → LogisticsService(x) ∧ ∃p (TransportProcess(p) ∧ hasOccurentPart(x,p))
logistics service that consists of at least one transport process
if x is a 'transportation service' then x is a 'logistic service' that 'has occurrent part' some 'transport process'
transportation service provider role
logisitics service provider role that is held by a business organization or person when it provides a transportation service
if x is a Transportation Service Provider Role then x is a 'service provider role' that is the 'role of' a Business Organization or Person y when it is 'agent in' some Transportation Service
travel process
MaterialLocationChangeProcess(​x​) → PlannedProcess(​x)​ ∧ ​∃​y ∃​​t ∃​​t′​​ ∃​​t'' ∃​s ∃​s′​ ∃​z ∃​z′(Person(​y​) ∨ GroupOfPersons(y)) ∧ TemporalInstant(t) ∧ TemporalInstant(t') ∧ TemporalRegion(t'') ∧ IndependentContinuant(s) ∧ IndependentContinuant(s') ∧ Site(z) ∧ Site(z') ∧ hasParticipantAtSomeTime(x,y) ∧ firstInstantOf(​t​, ​t''​) ∧ lastInstantOf(​t'​, ​t''​) ∧ occupiesTemporalRegion(​x,​t'')​ ∧ existsAt(s,t) ∧ existsAt(s',t') ∧ locatedInAtalltimes(s,z) ∧ locatedInAtAlltimes(s',z') ∧ locationOfAtAlltimes(s,y) ∧ locationOfAtAllTimes(s',y))
material location change process wherein one or more persons move between geographical locations
if x is a 'material location change process' then x is a 'planned process' in which a 'person' or 'group of persons' is moved from one 'site' to another.
wagon
piece of transport equipment in a rail transport system used for carrying cargo or passengers
warehousing plan specification
a warehousing plan may include plans for flow of material, handling and transportation method and equipment, inventory management, and environmental condition,
PlanSpecification(x) ∧ ∃c(WarehousingProcess(p) ∧ prescribes(x,p)) → WarehousingPlanSpecification(x)
plan specification that prescribes a warehousing process
if x is a 'plan specification that 'prescribes' some 'warehousing process' then x is a 'warehousing plan specification'
warehousing process
WarehousingProcess(x) ↔ BusinessProcess(x) ∧ ∃p,∃w,∃f((StorageProcess(p) ∧WarehousingPlanSpecification(w) ∧ StorageFacility(f)) ∧ occursIn (x,f) ∧ hasOccurrentPart(x,p) ∧ prescribedBy (x,w))
business process of storing products (material products) in a storage facility for future use
every instance of 'warehousing process' is defined as exactly an instance of 'business process' that 'occurs in' some 'storage facility' and 'has occurrent part' some 'storage process' and is 'prescribed by' some 'warehousing plan specification'
wholesaler
Sysco (The biggest wholesale company in America), Alibaba
A distributor that sells products to a retailer. A wholesaler will sell his product in bulk quantities to retailers, allowing the retailer to take advantage of a lower price than if he were to buy single items.
Wholesaler(x) ↔ (BusinessOrganization(x) ∨ Person(x)) ∧ ∃r (WholesalerRole (r) ∧ hasRole (x,r))
person or business organization that buys products from distributors and resells them to retailers or other business organizations
every instance of 'wholesaler' defined as exactly an instance of 'person' or 'business organization' that 'has role' some 'wholesaler role'
wholesaler role
LA1:WholesalerRole(x) → AgentRole(x) ∧ ∃y,∃p,∃r, ∃m ((BusinessOrganization(y) ∨ Person(y)) ∧ roleOf (x,y) ∧ OfferingForSaleBusinessProcess(p) ∧ MaterialProductRole(r) ∧ MaterialEntity(m) ∧ agentIn(y,p) ∧ realizes(p,r) ∧ roleOf(r, m))
LA2:WholesalerRole(x) → AgentRole(x) ∧ ∃y,∃p,∃r1,∃r2,∃m,∃e ((BusinessOrganization(y) ∨ Person(y)) ∧ roleOf (x,y)∧SupplyingBusinessProcess(p) ∧ agentIn(y,p) ∧ Retailer (e) ∧ BuyerRole(r1) ∧ roleOf(r1,e) ∧ MaterialEntity(m) ∧ MaterialProductRole(r2) ∧ roleOf(r2,m) ∧ realizes(p,r1) ∧ realizes(p,r2))
LA3:WholesalerRole(x) → AgentRole(x) ∧ ∃y,∃p, ∃r, ∃r1,∃r2, ∃m,∃d ((BusinessOrganization(y) ∨ Person(y)) ∧ roleOf (x,y) ∧ BuyerRole(r) ∧ hasRole(y,r) ∧ BuyingBusinessProcess(p) ∧ hasRealization(r,p) ∧ MaterialProductRole(r1) ∧ SupplierRole(r2) ∧ MaterialEntity(m) ∧ Distributor(d) ∧ realizes (p,r1) ∧ roleOf (r1,m) ∧ realizes (p,r2) ∧ roleOf (r2,d))
role held by a person or business organization when it buys some product from a distributor and resells them to retailers
LA1:if x is a 'wholesaler role' then x is an 'agent role' that is 'role of' some 'business organization' or 'person' that is 'agent in' some .offering for sale business process' that 'realizes' some 'material product role' that is 'role of' some 'material entity'
LA2:if x is a 'wholesaler role' then x is an 'agent role' that is 'role of' some 'business organization' or 'person' who is 'agent in' some 'supplying business process' p and p 'realizes' some 'material product role' that is role of' some 'material entity' and p 'realizes' some 'buyer role' that is 'role of' some 'retailer'
LA3:if x is a 'wholesaler role' then x is an 'agent role' that is 'role of' some 'business organization' or 'person' y who 'has role' some 'buyer role' and 'has realization' some 'buying business process' that 'realizes' some 'material product role' that is 'role of' some 'material entity' and 'realizes' some 'supplier role' that is 'role of' some 'distributor'
agent in
The operator that runs a manual milling machin is 'agent in' the milling process, the driver of a truck is 'agent in' a transportation process
relationship from an agent to a process where the agent participates in the process and materially causes the occurrence of the process (plays a causal role).
depends on buyer
relation from a supply relationship to a buyer (the bearer), in which the relationship mediates between the buyer and some supplier and some product or service
depends on product
relation from a supply relationship to a product (the bearer), in which the relationship mediates between the product and some supplier and customer
depends on supplier
relation from a supply relationship to a supplier (the bearer), in which the relationship mediates between the supplier and some customer and some product or service
ends at
relationship from a process to a spatial region or site whevever the spatial region or site is the location in which the process ends
has agent
relation that holds between a process and agent when the agent participates in the process and plays a causal role
has datetime value
has date value
has participant as trade item
relation that holds between a buying process or a supplying process and a product in which the product participates in the process as the subject of trade
has text value
relationship between an information entity and a string representation.
holds
Amazon 'holds' a shipment when it is out for delivery but not delivered yet.
holding doesn't necessarily imply ownership
relationship between an agent and a material entity when the agent physically keeps or carries the material entity
initiates relationship
the contract signing event initiates a supply relationship between BMW and and its tire supplier company
relation between an event and a relational specifically dependent continuant where the event establishes (originates) the relational specifically dependent continuant as a mediator among several other entities
is site of
a plant site 'is site of' some production process
relationship between a site or spatial region and a process when the process occurs at the site or spatial region
is supplied by at some time
relationship between a commercial service or product and a supplier when it the service or product is provided by a supplier to a customer
is supplied to at some time
relationship between a commercial service or product and a customer when the customer buys the product or service from a supplier
occurs at
relationship from a process to a spatial region or site whenvever the spatial region or site is the location in which the process unfolds
occurs on
relation which holds between some processual entity and some temporal region whenever the duration of the processual entity is contained by the temporal region
owned by
relationship from a material entity to a person or business organization when the material entity is held by the person or business organization as legal property
owns
relationship from a persop or business organization to an independent continuant when the agent holds the independent continuant as legal property.
relationship initiated by
relation between a relational specifically dependent continuant and an event where the event establishes (originates) the relational specifically dependent continuant as a mediator among several other entities
starts at
this transportation process starts at the site of this storage facility
relationship from a process to a spatial region or site whevever the spatial region o site is the location in which the process starts
supplies to at some time
relationship between a supplier and a customer when the supplier sells a product of service to a customer
manufacturing service
The final assembly service provided by Foxconn to Apple (Foxconn is a contract manufacturing service company that owns and operates factories in China that do the final assembly of iPhones for Apple), The machining services provided by a contract machinist
ManufacturingService(x) → CommercialService(x) ∧ ∃p (ManufacturingProcess(p) ∧ hasOccurentPart(x,p))
commercial service that consists of at least one manufacturing process
if x is a 'manufactuirng service' then x is a 'commercial service' that 'has occurrent part' some 'manufacturing process'
manufacturing service provider role
a contract machinist who machines parts for another company
ManufacturingServiceProviderRole(x) → ServiceProviderRole(x) ∧ ∃y,∃p ((BusinessOrganization(y) ∨ Person(y) ∧ ManufacturingService(p) ∧ agentIn(y,p) ∧ roleOf(x, y))
service provider role that is held by a person or business organization when it provides a manufacturing service
Manufacturing Service Provider Role x implies that x is a Service Provider Role that is 'role of' some Business Organization or Person when it is 'agent in' some Manufacturing Service